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fossil shark Teeth



A BRIEF EXHIBIT, FROM A CREATIONIST PERSPECTIVE



Chad Arment, 2023



Great White Shark



Elias Levy (CC BY 2.0)



Fossil Sharks



Sharks and shark-like fish (Chondrichthyes) are found from Upper Ordovician through Cretaceous sediments in Flood deposits, as well as in many post-Flood sediments. Cartilage does not preserve as well as bone, so teeth are most commonly discovered. Less common are spines, vertebrae, and denticles.


Elasmobranchs before the Flood were highly diverse in size, shape, and habit. Very strange sharks like Edestus had jaws positioned like scissors, while Helicoprion had a whorl of teeth on its lower jaw. Listracanthus had long feather-like denticles on its eel-like body. Stethacanthus had an anvil-shaped dorsal fin covered on the top with spiny bristles. Most such specialized sharks did not survive the Flood.



† Edestus



Tapanila, L., and J. Pruitt. 2019. Redefining species concepts for the Pennsylvanian scissor tooth shark, Edestus. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0220958. (CC BY 4.0)



† Edestus



Hay, O. P. 1909. On the nature of Edestus and related genera, with descriptions of one new genus and three new species. Proceedings U.S.N.M. 37(1699): 43-61 + plates.



† Helicoprion



Wheeler, H. E. 1939. Helicoprion in the Anthracolithic (Late Paleozoic) of Nevada and California. Journal of Paleontology 13(1): 103-114.



† Helicoprion



Wheeler, H. E. 1939. Helicoprion in the Anthracolithic (Late Paleozoic) of Nevada and California. Journal of Paleontology 13(1): 103-114.



† Helicoprion



Karpinsky, A. 1899. Ueber die reste von edestiden und die neue gattung Helicoprion. St. Petersburg: Birkenfeld.



† Helicoprion



Bingham County, Idaho

Idaho Museum of Natural History

(James St. John, CC BY 2.0)



† Listracanthus



'Feathered' denticles.

Museo civico di storia naturale Milano

(Paleobear, CC BY 2.0)



† Stethacanthus



(JonasB 7, CC BY-SA 4.0; background removed)



We still have some strange sharks today



(Ryan Espanto, CC BY 2.0)



SHARK TEETH



Fossil shark teeth are among the most abundant fossils in the world because sharks constantly replace their teeth. Teeth from the same species can differ in size and shape depending on age of the shark and what part of the jaw it comes from. Coloration of fossil teeth depends on the mineral composition of the sediments in which they were buried. Natural shark teeth are white.


The shark teeth below are the start of an ongoing collection, so this page will be irregularly updated. Fossils from Flood deposits are a snapshot of a specific brief time in history when a global catastrophe (God's judgment) reset ecosystems around the world. For sharks, only a small proportion survived, but those that did repopulated the oceans. The post-Flood fossils illustrate biogeographic movement and divergence within baraminic lineages. For now, the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary is considered mostly likely the Flood/post-Flood boundary, but there is still work to be done on that.



Permian (Flood Deposit)



† ORTHACANTHUS



fRESHWATER xENACANTHID sHARK



Ryan Formation

Waurika, Oklahoma



† BARBCLABORNIA LUEDERSENSIS (?)



xenacanthid shark



Ryan Formation

Waurika, Oklahoma



Pennsylvanian [Carboniferous] (Flood Deposit)



† ORTHACANTHUS COMPRESSUS



xenacanthid shark



Impression of tooth

Upper Freeport Coal

Jefferson County, Ohio



† PETALODUS



Petalodontid Cartilagenous Fish



Graham Formation

Brazos River Valley, Texas



triassic (Flood Deposit)



† RETICULODUS



hybodont shark



Bull Canyon Formation

New Mexico



cretaceous (Flood Deposit)



† CRETALAMNA SP.



otodontid shark



Lee County, Mississippi



† CRETOXYRHINA MANTELLI



ginsu shark



Lee County, Mississippi



† SCAPANORHYNCHUS TEXANUS



'goblin-like' shark



Lower Demopolis Formation

Prentiss County, Mississippi



† PTYCHODUS



'shell-crushing' shark



Texas



† PTYCHODUS



'shell-crushing' shark



Texas



† PTYCHODUS



'shell-crushing' shark



Texas



† GINGLYMOSTOMA



Nurse shark



Severn Formation

Bowie, Maryland



† GINGLYMOSTOMA



nurse shark



Severn Formation

Bowie, Maryland



† SQUALICORAX KAUPI



crow shark



Lower Demopolis Formation

Prentiss County, Mississippi



paleocene



† OTODUS OBLIQUUS



mackerel shark



Morocco



† PALAEOCARCHARODON ORIENTALIS



pygmy white shark



Morocco



eocene



† BRACHYCARCHARIAS LERICHEI



sand tiger shark



Alabama



† ODONTASPIS



sand tiger shark



King George County, Virginia



oligocene



† ALOPIAS LATIDENS



thresher shark



Ashley Marl

Edisto River, South Carolina



ALOPIAS SUPERCILIOSUS



bigeye thresher shark



Ashley Marl

Edisto River, South Carolina



miocene



CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS



GREAT WHITE SHARK



Hawthorne Formation

North Florida



CETORHINUS MAXIMUS



BASKING SHARK



Sharktooth Hill

Bakersfield, California



† COSMOPOLITODUS HASTALIS



BROAD-TOOTH MAKO



Savannah, Georgia



† GALEOCERDO ADUNCUS



REQUIUM SHARK



Florida



GALEORHINUS



houndshark



Sharktooth Hill

Bakersfield, California



HETERODONTUS



bullhead shark



Sharktooth Hill

Bakersfield, California



† ISURUS DESORI



Narrow-Toothed mAKO



Pungo River Formation

Lee Creek Mine

Aurora, North Carolina



† COSMOPOLITODUS PLANUS



HOOKED TOOTH MAKO



Sharktooth Hill

Bakersfield, California



† NOTORHYNCHUS



COW SHARK



Calvert Cliffs, Maryland



† PHYSOGALEUS CONTORTUS



long-tooth tiger shark



Pungo Formation

Lee Creek Mine

Aurora, North Carolina



† SQUALUS OCCIDENTALIS



DOGFISH



Sharktooth Hill

Bakersfield, California



SQUATINA



angelshark



Sharktooth Hill

Bakersfield, California



CARCHARIAS TAURUS



SAND TIGER SHARK



Bone Valley Group

Venice, Florida



CARCHARINUS LEUCAS



BULL SHARK



Bone Valley Group

Venice, Florida



CARCHARINUS PLUMBEUS



SANDBAR SHARK



Bone Valley Group

Venice, Florida



† HEMIPRISTIS SERRA



SNAGGLETOOTH SHARK



Lower tooth

Hawthorne Formation

Beaufort County, South Carolina



† HEMIPRISTIS SERRA



SNAGGLETOOTH SHARK



Upper tooth

Hawthorne Formation

Beaufort County, South Carolina



LAMNA NASSUS



PORBEAGLE SHARK



Kattendijk Sands

Saint-Niklass, Belgium



NEGAPRION BREVIROSTRIS



LEMON SHARK



Bone Valley Group

Venice, Florida



† OTODUS MEGALODON



MEGALODON



Southeastern United States



SPHYRNA ZYGAENA



SMOOTH HAMMERHEAD SHARK



Bone Valley Group

Polk Co., Florida



pliocene



CARCHARINUS OBSCURUS



DUSKY SHARK



Yorktown Formation

Lee Creek Mine

Aurora, North Carolina



GALEOCERDO CUVIER



TIGER SHARK



Yorktown Formation

Lee Creek Mine

Aurora, North Carolina



PRISTIOPHORUS LANCEOLATUS



SAWSHARK



Rostral spine

Huarra Formation

Antofagasta, Chile



SHARK SIZES



The largest pre-Flood sharks, such as Cretoxyrhina and Cretodus, ranged to almost 30 feet in length. Cretalamna, which apparently crossed the Flood boundary, is a likely ancestor for the largest post-Flood sharks, including Otodus megalodon. Current estimates are that O. megalodon typically reached 50 feet, but may have rarely reached 65 feet. Isotope analysis on O. megalodon teeth support the idea that the shark was able to keep its body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water (mesothermy). This likely contributed to its demise as oceans cooled towards the Ice Age, and energy costs grew too great for the giant shark to support.


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